copy: change the various copy_xyz() calls to take a unified flags parameter

This adds a unified "copy_flags" parameter to all copy_xyz() function
calls, replacing the various boolean flags so far used. This should make
many invocations more readable as it is clear what behaviour is
precisely requested. This also prepares ground for adding support for
more modes later on.

17 files changed, 73 insertions, 67 deletions

diff --git a/src/basic/btrfs-util.c b/src/basic/btrfs-util.c
index 5f9e21dcb..550549931 100644
--- a/src/basic/btrfs-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/btrfs-util.c
@@ -1737,7 +1737,7 @@ int btrfs_subvol_snapshot_fd(int old_fd, const char *new_path, BtrfsSnapshotFlag
                 } else if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
-                r = copy_directory_fd(old_fd, new_path, true);
+                r = copy_directory_fd(old_fd, new_path, COPY_MERGE|COPY_REFLINK);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fallback_fail;
 
diff --git a/src/basic/copy.c b/src/basic/copy.c
index e9a7efd23..f0a975d46 100644
--- a/src/basic/copy.c
+++ b/src/basic/copy.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static ssize_t try_copy_file_range(int fd_in, loff_t *off_in,
                 return -errno;
 }
 
-int copy_bytes(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, bool try_reflink) {
+int copy_bytes(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         bool try_cfr = true, try_sendfile = true, try_splice = true;
         int r;
         size_t m = SSIZE_MAX; /* that is the maximum that sendfile and c_f_r accept */
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ int copy_bytes(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, bool try_reflink) {
         assert(fdt >= 0);
 
         /* Try btrfs reflinks first. */
-        if (try_reflink &&
+        if ((copy_flags & COPY_REFLINK) &&
             max_bytes == (uint64_t) -1 &&
             lseek(fdf, 0, SEEK_CUR) == 0 &&
             lseek(fdt, 0, SEEK_CUR) == 0) {
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ static int fd_copy_symlink(int df, const char *from, const struct stat *st, int
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int fd_copy_regular(int df, const char *from, const struct stat *st, int dt, const char *to) {
+static int fd_copy_regular(int df, const char *from, const struct stat *st, int dt, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1, fdt = -1;
         struct timespec ts[2];
         int r, q;
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ static int fd_copy_regular(int df, const char *from, const struct stat *st, int
         if (fdt < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        r = copy_bytes(fdf, fdt, (uint64_t) -1, true);
+        r = copy_bytes(fdf, fdt, (uint64_t) -1, copy_flags);
         if (r < 0) {
                 unlinkat(dt, to, 0);
                 return r;
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ static int fd_copy_directory(
                 int dt,
                 const char *to,
                 dev_t original_device,
-                bool merge) {
+                CopyFlags copy_flags) {
 
         _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1, fdt = -1;
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ static int fd_copy_directory(
         r = mkdirat(dt, to, st->st_mode & 07777);
         if (r >= 0)
                 created = true;
-        else if (errno == EEXIST && merge)
+        else if (errno == EEXIST && (copy_flags & COPY_MERGE))
                 created = false;
         else
                 return -errno;
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ static int fd_copy_directory(
                         continue;
 
                 if (S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
-                        q = fd_copy_regular(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &buf, fdt, de->d_name);
+                        q = fd_copy_regular(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &buf, fdt, de->d_name, copy_flags);
                 else if (S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode))
-                        q = fd_copy_directory(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &buf, fdt, de->d_name, original_device, merge);
+                        q = fd_copy_directory(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &buf, fdt, de->d_name, original_device, copy_flags);
                 else if (S_ISLNK(buf.st_mode))
                         q = fd_copy_symlink(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &buf, fdt, de->d_name);
                 else if (S_ISFIFO(buf.st_mode))
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ static int fd_copy_directory(
                 else
                         q = -EOPNOTSUPP;
 
-                if (q == -EEXIST && merge)
+                if (q == -EEXIST && (copy_flags & COPY_MERGE))
                         q = 0;
 
                 if (q < 0)
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ static int fd_copy_directory(
         return r;
 }
 
-int copy_tree_at(int fdf, const char *from, int fdt, const char *to, bool merge) {
+int copy_tree_at(int fdf, const char *from, int fdt, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         struct stat st;
 
         assert(from);
@@ -391,9 +391,9 @@ int copy_tree_at(int fdf, const char *from, int fdt, const char *to, bool merge)
                 return -errno;
 
         if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-                return fd_copy_regular(fdf, from, &st, fdt, to);
+                return fd_copy_regular(fdf, from, &st, fdt, to, copy_flags);
         else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-                return fd_copy_directory(fdf, from, &st, fdt, to, st.st_dev, merge);
+                return fd_copy_directory(fdf, from, &st, fdt, to, st.st_dev, copy_flags);
         else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
                 return fd_copy_symlink(fdf, from, &st, fdt, to);
         else if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode))
@@ -404,11 +404,11 @@ int copy_tree_at(int fdf, const char *from, int fdt, const char *to, bool merge)
                 return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 }
 
-int copy_tree(const char *from, const char *to, bool merge) {
-        return copy_tree_at(AT_FDCWD, from, AT_FDCWD, to, merge);
+int copy_tree(const char *from, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
+        return copy_tree_at(AT_FDCWD, from, AT_FDCWD, to, copy_flags);
 }
 
-int copy_directory_fd(int dirfd, const char *to, bool merge) {
+int copy_directory_fd(int dirfd, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         struct stat st;
 
         assert(dirfd >= 0);
@@ -420,10 +420,10 @@ int copy_directory_fd(int dirfd, const char *to, bool merge) {
         if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                 return -ENOTDIR;
 
-        return fd_copy_directory(dirfd, NULL, &st, AT_FDCWD, to, st.st_dev, merge);
+        return fd_copy_directory(dirfd, NULL, &st, AT_FDCWD, to, st.st_dev, copy_flags);
 }
 
-int copy_directory(const char *from, const char *to, bool merge) {
+int copy_directory(const char *from, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         struct stat st;
 
         assert(from);
@@ -435,10 +435,10 @@ int copy_directory(const char *from, const char *to, bool merge) {
         if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                 return -ENOTDIR;
 
-        return fd_copy_directory(AT_FDCWD, from, &st, AT_FDCWD, to, st.st_dev, merge);
+        return fd_copy_directory(AT_FDCWD, from, &st, AT_FDCWD, to, st.st_dev, copy_flags);
 }
 
-int copy_file_fd(const char *from, int fdt, bool try_reflink) {
+int copy_file_fd(const char *from, int fdt, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
         int r;
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ int copy_file_fd(const char *from, int fdt, bool try_reflink) {
         if (fdf < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        r = copy_bytes(fdf, fdt, (uint64_t) -1, try_reflink);
+        r = copy_bytes(fdf, fdt, (uint64_t) -1, copy_flags);
 
         (void) copy_times(fdf, fdt);
         (void) copy_xattr(fdf, fdt);
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ int copy_file_fd(const char *from, int fdt, bool try_reflink) {
         return r;
 }
 
-int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags, mode_t mode, unsigned chattr_flags) {
+int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags, mode_t mode, unsigned chattr_flags, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         int fdt = -1, r;
 
         assert(from);
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags, mode_t mode, unsigned
         if (chattr_flags != 0)
                 (void) chattr_fd(fdt, chattr_flags, (unsigned) -1);
 
-        r = copy_file_fd(from, fdt, true);
+        r = copy_file_fd(from, fdt, copy_flags);
         if (r < 0) {
                 close(fdt);
                 unlink(to);
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags, mode_t mode, unsigned
         return 0;
 }
 
-int copy_file_atomic(const char *from, const char *to, mode_t mode, bool replace, unsigned chattr_flags) {
+int copy_file_atomic(const char *from, const char *to, mode_t mode, unsigned chattr_flags, CopyFlags copy_flags) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
         int r;
 
@@ -498,11 +498,11 @@ int copy_file_atomic(const char *from, const char *to, mode_t mode, bool replace
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = copy_file(from, t, O_NOFOLLOW|O_EXCL, mode, chattr_flags);
+        r = copy_file(from, t, O_NOFOLLOW|O_EXCL, mode, chattr_flags, copy_flags);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if (replace) {
+        if (copy_flags & COPY_REPLACE) {
                 r = renameat(AT_FDCWD, t, AT_FDCWD, to);
                 if (r < 0)
                         r = -errno;
diff --git a/src/basic/copy.h b/src/basic/copy.h
index b5d08ebaf..c2f02c455 100644
--- a/src/basic/copy.h
+++ b/src/basic/copy.h
@@ -24,13 +24,19 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-int copy_file_fd(const char *from, int to, bool try_reflink);
-int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags, mode_t mode, unsigned chattr_flags);
-int copy_file_atomic(const char *from, const char *to, mode_t mode, bool replace, unsigned chattr_flags);
-int copy_tree(const char *from, const char *to, bool merge);
-int copy_tree_at(int fdf, const char *from, int fdt, const char *to, bool merge);
-int copy_directory_fd(int dirfd, const char *to, bool merge);
-int copy_directory(const char *from, const char *to, bool merge);
-int copy_bytes(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, bool try_reflink);
+typedef enum CopyFlags {
+        COPY_REFLINK    = 0x1,      /* try to reflink */
+        COPY_MERGE      = 0x2,      /* merge existing trees with our new one to copy */
+        COPY_REPLACE    = 0x4,      /* replace an existing file if there's one */
+} CopyFlags;
+
+int copy_file_fd(const char *from, int to, CopyFlags copy_flags);
+int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int open_flags, mode_t mode, unsigned chattr_flags, CopyFlags copy_flags);
+int copy_file_atomic(const char *from, const char *to, mode_t mode, unsigned chattr_flags, CopyFlags copy_flags);
+int copy_tree(const char *from, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags);
+int copy_tree_at(int fdf, const char *from, int fdt, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags);
+int copy_directory_fd(int dirfd, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags);
+int copy_directory(const char *from, const char *to, CopyFlags copy_flags);
+int copy_bytes(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, CopyFlags copy_flags);
 int copy_times(int fdf, int fdt);
 int copy_xattr(int fdf, int fdt);
diff --git a/src/core/socket.c b/src/core/socket.c
index a7b9ada65..84b7a1a82 100644
--- a/src/core/socket.c
+++ b/src/core/socket.c
@@ -1340,11 +1340,11 @@ static int usbffs_write_descs(int fd, Service *s) {
         if (!s->usb_function_descriptors || !s->usb_function_strings)
                 return -EINVAL;
 
-        r = copy_file_fd(s->usb_function_descriptors, fd, false);
+        r = copy_file_fd(s->usb_function_descriptors, fd, 0);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        return copy_file_fd(s->usb_function_strings, fd, false);
+        return copy_file_fd(s->usb_function_strings, fd, 0);
 }
 
 static int usbffs_select_ep(const struct dirent *d) {
diff --git a/src/coredump/coredump.c b/src/coredump/coredump.c
index 1bb1dbbe8..d76d49a67 100644
--- a/src/coredump/coredump.c
+++ b/src/coredump/coredump.c
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ static int save_external_coredump(
         if (fd < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to create temporary file for coredump %s: %m", fn);
 
-        r = copy_bytes(input_fd, fd, max_size, false);
+        r = copy_bytes(input_fd, fd, max_size, 0);
         if (r < 0) {
                 log_error_errno(r, "Cannot store coredump of %s (%s): %m", context[CONTEXT_PID], context[CONTEXT_COMM]);
                 goto fail;
diff --git a/src/firstboot/firstboot.c b/src/firstboot/firstboot.c
index fd7051f21..bc16290c7 100644
--- a/src/firstboot/firstboot.c
+++ b/src/firstboot/firstboot.c
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ static int process_locale(void) {
         if (arg_copy_locale && arg_root) {
 
                 mkdir_parents(etc_localeconf, 0755);
-                r = copy_file("/etc/locale.conf", etc_localeconf, 0, 0644, 0);
+                r = copy_file("/etc/locale.conf", etc_localeconf, 0, 0644, 0, COPY_REFLINK);
                 if (r != -ENOENT) {
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy %s: %m", etc_localeconf);
diff --git a/src/import/pull-raw.c b/src/import/pull-raw.c
index ef7fb6ac4..60a769e94 100644
--- a/src/import/pull-raw.c
+++ b/src/import/pull-raw.c
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ static int raw_pull_copy_auxiliary_file(
 
         local = strjoina(i->image_root, "/", i->local, suffix);
 
-        r = copy_file_atomic(*path, local, 0644, i->force_local, 0);
+        r = copy_file_atomic(*path, local, 0644, 0, COPY_REFLINK | (i->force_local ? COPY_REPLACE : 0));
         if (r == -EEXIST)
                 log_warning_errno(r, "File %s already exists, not replacing.", local);
         else if (r == -ENOENT)
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ static int raw_pull_make_local_copy(RawPull *i) {
         if (r < 0)
                 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set file attributes on %s: %m", tp);
 
-        r = copy_bytes(i->raw_job->disk_fd, dfd, (uint64_t) -1, true);
+        r = copy_bytes(i->raw_job->disk_fd, dfd, (uint64_t) -1, COPY_REFLINK);
         if (r < 0) {
                 unlink(tp);
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to make writable copy of image: %m");
diff --git a/src/import/pull-tar.c b/src/import/pull-tar.c
index 375ee778e..91833d617 100644
--- a/src/import/pull-tar.c
+++ b/src/import/pull-tar.c
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ static int tar_pull_make_local_copy(TarPull *i) {
 
                 local_settings = strjoina(i->image_root, "/", i->local, ".nspawn");
 
-                r = copy_file_atomic(i->settings_path, local_settings, 0664, i->force_local, 0);
+                r = copy_file_atomic(i->settings_path, local_settings, 0664, 0, COPY_REFLINK | (i->force_local ? COPY_REPLACE : 0));
                 if (r == -EEXIST)
                         log_warning_errno(r, "Settings file %s already exists, not replacing.", local_settings);
                 else if (r == -ENOENT)
diff --git a/src/machine/image-dbus.c b/src/machine/image-dbus.c
index d5051007f..2f69e2c7b 100644
--- a/src/machine/image-dbus.c
+++ b/src/machine/image-dbus.c
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ static int raw_image_get_os_release(Image *image, char ***ret, sd_bus_error *err
                 if (fd < 0)
                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
-                r = copy_bytes(fd, pair[1], (uint64_t) -1, false);
+                r = copy_bytes(fd, pair[1], (uint64_t) -1, 0);
                 if (r < 0)
                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
diff --git a/src/machine/machine-dbus.c b/src/machine/machine-dbus.c
index 9c95c63e7..13d68553d 100644
--- a/src/machine/machine-dbus.c
+++ b/src/machine/machine-dbus.c
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ int bus_machine_method_get_os_release(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, s
                         if (fd < 0)
                                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
-                        r = copy_bytes(fd, pair[1], (uint64_t) -1, false);
+                        r = copy_bytes(fd, pair[1], (uint64_t) -1, 0);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
@@ -1152,9 +1152,9 @@ int bus_machine_method_copy(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_erro
                 }
 
                 if (copy_from)
-                        r = copy_tree_at(containerfd, container_basename, hostfd, host_basename, true);
+                        r = copy_tree_at(containerfd, container_basename, hostfd, host_basename, COPY_REFLINK|COPY_MERGE);
                 else
-                        r = copy_tree_at(hostfd, host_basename, containerfd, container_basename, true);
+                        r = copy_tree_at(hostfd, host_basename, containerfd, container_basename, COPY_REFLINK|COPY_MERGE);
 
                 hostfd = safe_close(hostfd);
                 containerfd = safe_close(containerfd);
diff --git a/src/nspawn/nspawn.c b/src/nspawn/nspawn.c
index b172b4493..efd3b014a 100644
--- a/src/nspawn/nspawn.c
+++ b/src/nspawn/nspawn.c
@@ -1364,7 +1364,7 @@ static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
         }
 
         /* If that didn't work, let's copy the file */
-        r = copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0644, 0);
+        r = copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0644, 0, COPY_REFLINK);
         if (r < 0) {
                 /* If the file already exists as symlink, let's suppress the warning, under the assumption that
                  * resolved or something similar runs inside and the symlink points there.
@@ -3700,7 +3700,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 goto finish;
                         }
 
-                        r = copy_file(arg_image, np, O_EXCL, arg_read_only ? 0400 : 0600, FS_NOCOW_FL);
+                        r = copy_file(arg_image, np, O_EXCL, arg_read_only ? 0400 : 0600, FS_NOCOW_FL, COPY_REFLINK);
                         if (r < 0) {
                                 r = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy image file: %m");
                                 goto finish;
@@ -3856,7 +3856,7 @@ finish:
 
         /* Try to flush whatever is still queued in the pty */
         if (master >= 0) {
-                (void) copy_bytes(master, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, false);
+                (void) copy_bytes(master, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
                 master = safe_close(master);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/shared/machine-image.c b/src/shared/machine-image.c
index 7bc5c0a12..d96ff44e6 100644
--- a/src/shared/machine-image.c
+++ b/src/shared/machine-image.c
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ static int clone_auxiliary_file(const char *path, const char *new_name, const ch
         if (!rs)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        return copy_file_atomic(path, rs, 0664, false, 0);
+        return copy_file_atomic(path, rs, 0664, 0, COPY_REFLINK);
 }
 
 int image_clone(Image *i, const char *new_name, bool read_only) {
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ int image_clone(Image *i, const char *new_name, bool read_only) {
         case IMAGE_RAW:
                 new_path = strjoina("/var/lib/machines/", new_name, ".raw");
 
-                r = copy_file_atomic(i->path, new_path, read_only ? 0444 : 0644, false, FS_NOCOW_FL);
+                r = copy_file_atomic(i->path, new_path, read_only ? 0444 : 0644, FS_NOCOW_FL, COPY_REFLINK);
                 break;
 
         default:
diff --git a/src/shared/pager.c b/src/shared/pager.c
index 09672a4ab..af667a83f 100644
--- a/src/shared/pager.c
+++ b/src/shared/pager.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static pid_t pager_pid = 0;
 noreturn static void pager_fallback(void) {
         int r;
 
-        r = copy_bytes(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, false);
+        r = copy_bytes(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
         if (r < 0) {
                 log_error_errno(r, "Internal pager failed: %m");
                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
diff --git a/src/systemctl/systemctl.c b/src/systemctl/systemctl.c
index 2336ae34f..60f8bc3df 100644
--- a/src/systemctl/systemctl.c
+++ b/src/systemctl/systemctl.c
@@ -5300,7 +5300,7 @@ static int cat_file(const char *filename, bool newline) {
                ansi_normal());
         fflush(stdout);
 
-        return copy_bytes(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, false);
+        return copy_bytes(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
 }
 
 static int cat(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
@@ -6582,7 +6582,7 @@ static int create_edit_temp_file(const char *new_path, const char *original_path
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create directories for \"%s\": %m", new_path);
 
-        r = copy_file(original_path, t, 0, 0644, 0);
+        r = copy_file(original_path, t, 0, 0644, 0, COPY_REFLINK);
         if (r == -ENOENT) {
 
                 r = touch(t);
diff --git a/src/sysusers/sysusers.c b/src/sysusers/sysusers.c
index 17b966eb5..4a0a49f2b 100644
--- a/src/sysusers/sysusers.c
+++ b/src/sysusers/sysusers.c
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ static int make_backup(const char *target, const char *x) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = copy_bytes(src, fileno(dst), (uint64_t) -1, true);
+        r = copy_bytes(src, fileno(dst), (uint64_t) -1, COPY_REFLINK);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
diff --git a/src/test/test-copy.c b/src/test/test-copy.c
index e65516f08..7ccefe939 100644
--- a/src/test/test-copy.c
+++ b/src/test/test-copy.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static void test_copy_file(void) {
 
         assert_se(write_string_file(fn, "foo bar bar bar foo", WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE) == 0);
 
-        assert_se(copy_file(fn, fn_copy, 0, 0644, 0) == 0);
+        assert_se(copy_file(fn, fn_copy, 0, 0644, 0, COPY_REFLINK) == 0);
 
         assert_se(read_full_file(fn_copy, &buf, &sz) == 0);
         assert_se(streq(buf, "foo bar bar bar foo\n"));
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ static void test_copy_file_fd(void) {
         assert_se(out_fd >= 0);
 
         assert_se(write_string_file(in_fn, text, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE) == 0);
-        assert_se(copy_file_fd("/a/file/which/does/not/exist/i/guess", out_fd, true) < 0);
-        assert_se(copy_file_fd(in_fn, out_fd, true) >= 0);
+        assert_se(copy_file_fd("/a/file/which/does/not/exist/i/guess", out_fd, COPY_REFLINK) < 0);
+        assert_se(copy_file_fd(in_fn, out_fd, COPY_REFLINK) >= 0);
         assert_se(lseek(out_fd, SEEK_SET, 0) == 0);
 
         assert_se(read(out_fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) == sizeof(text) - 1);
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ static void test_copy_tree(void) {
         unixsockp = strjoina(original_dir, "unixsock");
         assert_se(mknod(unixsockp, S_IFSOCK|0644, 0) >= 0);
 
-        assert_se(copy_tree(original_dir, copy_dir, true) == 0);
+        assert_se(copy_tree(original_dir, copy_dir, COPY_REFLINK|COPY_MERGE) == 0);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(p, files) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL, *f;
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ static void test_copy_tree(void) {
         assert_se(stat(unixsockp, &st) >= 0);
         assert_se(S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode));
 
-        assert_se(copy_tree(original_dir, copy_dir, false) < 0);
-        assert_se(copy_tree("/tmp/inexistent/foo/bar/fsdoi", copy_dir, false) < 0);
+        assert_se(copy_tree(original_dir, copy_dir, COPY_REFLINK) < 0);
+        assert_se(copy_tree("/tmp/inexistent/foo/bar/fsdoi", copy_dir, COPY_REFLINK) < 0);
 
         (void) rm_rf(copy_dir, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL);
         (void) rm_rf(original_dir, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL);
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ static void test_copy_bytes(void) {
 
         assert_se(pipe2(pipefd, O_CLOEXEC) == 0);
 
-        r = copy_bytes(infd, pipefd[1], (uint64_t) -1, false);
+        r = copy_bytes(infd, pipefd[1], (uint64_t) -1, 0);
         assert_se(r == 0);
 
         r = read(pipefd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
@@ -185,13 +185,13 @@ static void test_copy_bytes(void) {
         assert_se(strneq(buf, buf2, r));
 
         /* test copy_bytes with invalid descriptors */
-        r = copy_bytes(pipefd[0], pipefd[0], 1, false);
+        r = copy_bytes(pipefd[0], pipefd[0], 1, 0);
         assert_se(r == -EBADF);
 
-        r = copy_bytes(pipefd[1], pipefd[1], 1, false);
+        r = copy_bytes(pipefd[1], pipefd[1], 1, 0);
         assert_se(r == -EBADF);
 
-        r = copy_bytes(pipefd[1], infd, 1, false);
+        r = copy_bytes(pipefd[1], infd, 1, 0);
         assert_se(r == -EBADF);
 }
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ static void test_copy_bytes_regular_file(const char *src, bool try_reflink, uint
         fd3 = mkostemp_safe(fn3);
         assert_se(fd3 >= 0);
 
-        r = copy_bytes(fd, fd2, max_bytes, try_reflink);
+        r = copy_bytes(fd, fd2, max_bytes, try_reflink ? COPY_REFLINK : 0);
         if (max_bytes == (uint64_t) -1)
                 assert_se(r == 0);
         else
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ static void test_copy_bytes_regular_file(const char *src, bool try_reflink, uint
 
         assert_se(lseek(fd2, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
 
-        r = copy_bytes(fd2, fd3, max_bytes, try_reflink);
+        r = copy_bytes(fd2, fd3, max_bytes, try_reflink ? COPY_REFLINK : 0);
         if (max_bytes == (uint64_t) -1)
                 assert_se(r == 0);
         else
diff --git a/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c b/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c
index c4f4d46ca..382853a2a 100644
--- a/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c
+++ b/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ static int create_item(Item *i) {
                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to substitute specifiers in copy source %s: %m", i->argument);
 
                 log_debug("Copying tree \"%s\" to \"%s\".", resolved, i->path);
-                r = copy_tree(resolved, i->path, false);
+                r = copy_tree(resolved, i->path, COPY_REFLINK);
 
                 if (r == -EROFS && stat(i->path, &st) == 0)
                         r = -EEXIST;