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diff --git a/xml/htdocs/main/en/install.xml b/xml/htdocs/main/en/install.xml deleted file mode 100644 index d02c034654..0000000000 --- a/xml/htdocs/main/en/install.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,498 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version='1.0'?> - - -<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> - -<guide link="/doc/install.html"> -<title>Gentoo Linux Installation Guide</title> -<author title="Chief Architect"><mail link="drobbins@gentoo.org">Daniel Robbins</mail></author> -<author title="Editor"><mail link="thomasfl@gentoo.org">Thomas Flavel</mail></author> - -<abstract>This guide shows you how to install Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc4_pre2. Right now, -Gentoo Linux installation is geared towards intermediate to advanced developers -and system administrators. The process itself is not incredibly complex, but -you must know how to set up partitions, manually create filesystems, and -extract tarballs. If you know how to do this, then you're ready to install the -Gentoo Linux release candidate.</abstract> - -<version>1.0.1</version> -<date>22 Apr 2001</date> - -<chapter> -<title>Getting started</title> - -<section> -<title>Install Methods</title> -<body> -<p>Rather than provide a special system installer program, we've chosen to provide -you with a real Linux shell prompt. From this prompt, you can perform all the -steps necessary to install Gentoo Linux, and get everything set up exactly as -you need it. People often ask whether we're going to provide a fancy install -program in the future. Yes, we'd like to do this, but there will always be a -relatively simple "manual" install method for those who need it. By having -a manual install method, we not only cater to Linux experts, but also make it -easy for people building a special-purpose product out of Gentoo Linux. Because -our install process is "out in the open", it's easy for others to customize, -automate or beautify to their liking. -</p></body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Partition layout</title> -<body> -<p>Here's a quick overview of the standard Gentoo Linux partition layout. We're going to create at -least three partitions: a swap partition, a root partition (to hold the bulk of Gentoo Linux), and a special boot -partition. The boot partition is designed to hold GRUB boot loader information -as well as your Linux kernel(s). The boot partition gives us a safe place to -store everything related to booting Linux. During normal day-to-day Gentoo -Linux use, your boot partition should remain <e>unmounted</e>. This prevents -your kernel from being made unavailable to GRUB (due to filesystem corruption) -in the event of a system crash, preventing the chicken-and-egg problem where -GRUB can't read your kernel (since your filesystem is corrupted) but you can't -run fsck to uncorrupt your filesystem (since you can't boot!) -</p> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Partition Selection</title> -<body> -<p>Now, on to filesystem types. We recommend that you install Gentoo Linux on a -ReiserFS filesystem because they're much faster and generally more reliable -than their ext2 counterparts. We've been using ReiserFS for a long time now -and we believe it's not only "stable enough", but perfect for use in production -environments. However, if you want to use ext2 for your root and boot -filesystems, we support this as well. Support will likely be added for JFS in -the near future, as well as XFS - as soon as it's ready. Here are our recommended -filesystem sizes and types:</p> - - <table> - <tr> - <th>Partition</th> - <th>Size</th> - <th>Type</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>boot partition, containing kernel(s) and boot information</ti> - <ti>~100 Megabytes</ti> - <ti>ReiserFS recommended, ext2 ok</ti> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>root partition, containing main filesystem (/usr, /home, etc)</ti> - <ti>>=1.5 Gigabytes</ti> - <ti>ReiserFS recommended, ext2 ok</ti> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>swap partition (no longer a 128 Megabyte limit)</ti> - <ti>>=128 Megabytes</ti> - <ti>Linux swap</ti> - </tr> - </table> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Getting What You Need</title> -<body><p> -In this install guide, I'm going to be stepping you through the Gentoo -Linux CD-based installation process. To perform the CD install, you'll -need the Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc4_pre2 CD ISO image, available at <uri> -http://www.ibiblio.org/gentoo/gentoo-iso-images/</uri> (~550Mb download.) -It's also possible to install Gentoo Linux from an existing Linux -installation. If you'd like to do this instead, you'll need to -download the <path>1.0_rc4_pre2 sys.tbz2</path> file, available from <uri> -http://www.ibiblio.org/gentoo/gentoo-x86-distro/gentoo-1.0_rc4_pre2/packages/</uri> (~67Mb download.) -If you choose to install Gentoo Linux from another Linux distribution, you'll -need to have the tools to unpack a bzip'd tarball (nearly all distributions do.) However, -at this time, most distributions don't have the ability to create and mount ReiserFS -partitions. If you don't have this ability, you may need to ReiserFS-enable your -current system if you'd like to use ReiserFS. Another possibility is to use -ext2 filesystems for Gentoo Linux, or alternatively just download and burn our -CD image, which has all the tools you need for ReiserFS. -</p> -</body> -</section> - -</chapter> -<chapter> -<title>Installation</title> - -<section> -<title>Booting the CD</title> -<body> -<p> -Once you've downloaded the ISO image and burned your own Gentoo Linux CD, go ahead -and boot your system from the CD. You'll be presented with a GRUB menu that looks -like this: -</p> -<figure link="/images/install-boot.gif" short="The boot screen" caption="When the CD boots, you'll see this screen"/> -<p> -Go ahead and select the first option to continue the CD boot process. Linux will boot and the Gentoo -Linux CD detector will start up and detect and mount a minimal Gentoo Linux system included -on the CD. When the boot process is complete, you'll be presented with a login prompt. To -log in, go ahead and type <c>root</c> and hit Enter. You won't be prompted for a password. -</p> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Using boot floppies</title> -<body> -<p>In case you can't use a bootable cd for some reason (i.e. no burner, we -haven't made isos, your cat ate all your blank cds etc.) you can use the boot -floppies. You'll need bootdisk.img and rescue.img. You can find them <uri -link="http://www.ibiblio.org/gentoo/snapshots/disks/">here</uri> -(look in the latest -rc dir). -</p> -<p>Once you've downloaded them you need to run <c>dd if=bootdisk.img of=/dev/fd0 -bs=1k</c> for both the bootdisk.img and rescue.img. Then you can boot from -bootdisk.img, and insert rescue.img when it prompts you. If you have a -currently running system you may want to download sys or build tarball and -store it on a spare partition so you will have it available when you reboot. -</p> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Step 1: Create and Format Your Partitions</title> -<body> -<p> -The first step is to create your boot, root (plus optional <path>/home</path>, <path>/usr</path>, <path>/var</path>) -and swap partitions using fdisk (type <c>fdisk /dev/hd?</c> to start it up.) Your -boot and root partition should be tagged as a "Linux" partitions (type 83) even -if you're using ReiserFS. Your swap partition should be tagged as "Linux swap" -(type 82). Here's a screenshot of an example partition layout. In this -example, <path>/dev/hda1</path> is the boot partition (256Mb), <path>/dev/hda2</path> is the swap -partition (256Mb), and <path>/dev/hda3</path> is the root partition (1.5Gb). Notice that -<path>/dev/hda1</path> has the bootable flag set (you can set this with the <c>a</c> option.) -Once you've created your partitions, remember to write your changes using the -<c>w</c> option. -</p> -<figure link="/images/install-fdisk.gif" short="Creating partitions" caption="Creating partitions using fdisk"/> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Step 2: Create and Mount Filesystems</title> -<body> -<p> -The second step is to create your filesystems. Use the commands <c>mke2fs</c>, <c>mkreiserfs</c> and <c>mkswap</c> for this. For example, to create -a new ReiserFS filesystem on the partition /dev/hda1, type: -</p><pre> -# <i>mkreiserfs /dev/hda1</i></pre> - -<p>For my example partition layout above, I typed in the following commands: -</p> - -<pre caption="Creating and mounting filesystems"> -# <i>mkreiserfs /dev/hda1</i> -# <i>mkswap /dev/hda2</i> -# <i>mkreiserfs /dev/hda3</i> -</pre><p> -Now that the filesystems have been created, it's time to get your boot and root (and optionally your /var, /usr and /home partitions) mounted. -For my example partition layout, I typed in the following: -</p><pre> -# <i>mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo</i> -# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> -# <i>mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot -o notail</i> -</pre> - -<note>The "notail" option is required if you're -installing GRUB as a secondary boot loader. It also doesn't hurt to include it -if you're not.</note> - -<p>Notice that I had to create the <path>/mnt/gentoo/boot</path> filesystem before mounting <path>/dev/hda1</path>. If you've created -additional non-root filesystems (<path>/var</path>, <path>/usr</path>, <path>/home</path>, etc), you'll need to create the appropriate directories under <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> -and then mount all your filesystems at the correct locations. Once all your filesystems are mounted, we're ready to extract -the <path>sys.tbz2</path> tarball - the file that contains the Gentoo Linux base system. -</p> - -<note> -If you're installing Gentoo Linux direct from an existing Linux distribution, make sure that all your filesystems are mounted at the <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> -mountpoint just like I described above. From this point on, you should be able to follow our install instructions word for -word. -</note> -</body> -</section> - - -<section> -<title>Step 3: Extract the sys.tbz2 Tarball</title> -<body> -<p> -Now, it's time to extract the <path>sys.tbz2</path> tarball to <path>/mnt/gentoo</path>. -You'll find the tarball at <path>/mnt/distcd/packages/sys.tbz2</path>. -Extract it by typing:</p> -<pre> -# <i>tar xpjvf /mnt/distcd/packages/sys.tbz2 -C /mnt/gentoo</i> -</pre> -<impo>Please notice that we use the <c>p</c> option when extracting the -sys tarball. This is <e>extremely</e> important, since it ensures that -the literal permissions in the tarball will be preserved on disk. Without -the <c>p</c>, directory perms are affected by the umask -- which is helpful -when you're extracting a source tarball, but not so helpful when you're -restoring a system image.</impo> - -<p> -If you're installing from another Linux distribution and your version of tar doesn't have the <c>-j</c> (bzip2) option, the following -pipeline should do the exact same thing: -</p><pre> -# <i>cat /path/to/sys.tbz2 | bzip2 -d | tar -xpvf - -C /mnt/gentoo</i> -</pre> -<impo>Again, notice that we use the extremely important <c>p</c> option to -extract the tarball.</impo> - -</body> -</section> -</chapter> - - - -<chapter> -<title>Configuration</title> -<section> -<title>Configure the system</title> -<body><note>If you want to compile a custom kernel during the install process, them before proceeding with the -following instructions, copy the linux-sources tbz2 file from <path>/mnt/distcd/packages/All/linux-sources-???.tbz2</path> to <path>/mnt/gentoo/tmp</path>. -Then, proceed with these instructions. I'll let you know when it's time to merge it.</note> - -<p>Now that the base system tarball has been extracted, we need to get the system ready for booting. Begin this process -by typing: -</p><pre> -# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo</i> -</pre><p>The chroot command will start a new shell with the root filesystem set to <path>/mnt/gentoo</path>. -If you have a non-US keyboard, you've probably noticed that some keys aren't in the right place. This can be fixed by -typing: -</p><pre> -# <i>loadkeys [keymap]</i> -</pre><p> -Here are some popular non-English keymaps:</p> -<table><tr><th>Language</th><th>Keymap</th></tr> -<tr><ti>German</ti><ti>de-latin1-nodeadkeys</ti></tr> -<tr><ti>French</ti><ti>fr_latin1</ti></tr> -<tr><ti>Swedish</ti><ti>se_latin1</ti></tr> -</table> -<p> -Please <mail link="drobbins@gentoo.org">email me</mail> the keymaps that you use for your -preferred language so that I can add them to this document. Now, type the following commands: -</p><pre> -# <i>env-update</i> -# <i>/etc/rc.d/init.d/initscripts-install</i> -</pre><p>The first command, env-update, is a special Gentoo Linux command that auto-generates the <path>/etc/ld.so.conf</path> file and configures -the default shell environment variable and path settings. The second script will configure Gentoo Linux initialization scripts, -so that all the proper symlinks are in place in <path>/etc/rc.d</path> so that the system will boot. -</p> - -<p>There are just a few files that need to be configured before we're ready to install the Gentoo Linux boot loader (GRUB) and -start Gentoo Linux. Right now, the only editor included with the base system is <c>vi</c>. In the next release, we're also going -to include another text editor that's easier to use for those who don't know <c>vi</c>. If you don't know how to use vi, here are -some quick instructions. To edit a file, type <c>vi filename</c>. Immediately after <c>vi</c> loads the file, press the <c>i</c> key to enter -INSERT mode. In this mode, you'll be able to move around in the file by using the arrow keys, and you'll be able to insert -text just by typing it and delete text with the backspace or delete key. If you need to delete an entire line, press escape -to leave INSERT mode (you're now in command mode), and hit <c>dd</c>. Then, hit <c>i</c> again to go back to INSERT mode. When you need -to save your changes, hit escape to leave INSERT mode and type <c>:x</c>. If you want to throw away your changes, type <c>:q!</c>. -Vim, the version of vi that's included with Gentoo Linux, also includes extensive help. You can type <c>:help</c> (in command mode) -to access it.</p> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>/etc/fstab</title> -<body> -<p>Edit this file, making sure that the partition names and filesystem types are correct. Here are the -first three configuration lines for my example system configuration: -</p><pre> -/dev/hda3 / reiserfs defaults 1 1 -/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 -/dev/hda1 /boot reiserfs noauto,notail 0 2 -</pre> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>/etc/localtime</title> -<body> -<p>Look for your timezone (or GMT if you using Greenwich Mean Time) in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>. Then, make a symbolic link by typing: -</p><pre> -# <i>cd /etc; ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/path/to/timezonefile localtime</i> -</pre> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>/etc/hostname</title> -<body> -<p>Edit this file so that it contains your fully-qualified domain name on a single line, i.e. <c>mymachine.mydomain.com</c>. -</p> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>/etc/resolv.conf</title> -<body> -<p>This file contains DNS server and domain information. Here's a template to follow: -</p><pre> -domain mydomain.com -nameserver 10.0.0.1 -nameserver 10.0.0.2 -</pre> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>/etc/hosts</title> -<body> -<p>This file contains a list of ip addresses and their associated hostnames. It's used by the system to resolve the IP addresses -of any hostnames that may not be in your nameservers. Here's a template for this file: -</p><pre> -127.0.0.1 localhost -<comment># the next line contains your IP for your local LAN, and your associated machine name</comment> -192.168.1.1 mymachine.mydomain.com mymachine -</pre> -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Configure ethernet</title> -<body> - -<p>Look in the <path>/etc/rc.d/config</path> directory; you'll see a file -called <path>OFF_inet.eth0</path>. Copy this file to <path>inet.eth0</path>, and edit the top part of it -so that it contains the IP address settings you want to use on your first -ethernet card. Look in <path>/lib/modules</path> for the ethernet module -specific to your particular ethernet card, and append it to the -<path>/etc/rc.d/config/modules</path> file (you can also add any options you -need to the same line.) Then, when Gentoo Linux boots, this module will be -automatically loaded from disk. If you have multiple network cards, copy -<path>inet.eth0</path> to <path>inet.eth1</path> and edit this file so that it -configures your second interface correctly. Repeat for eth2, etc as necessary. -If you have a static ppp link, you can copy the <path>inet.eth0</path> file to -<path>inet.ppp0</path>, and insert the appropriate commands in the -<c>netup()</c> and <c>netdown()</c> functions. All -<path>/etc/rc.d/config/inet.*</path> files will be started automatically at -boot time by the <path>/etc/rc.d/init.d/inet</path> rc script. </p> - -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Configure basic settings</title> -<body> - -<p>Take a look at the <path>/etc/rc.d/config/basic</path>, and make sure that it's set up properly. Important settings are GMT -(set to <c>yes</c> if your system clock is set to GMT, otherwise <c>no</c> if it's set to your local time) and KEYMAP (look in -<path>/usr/share/keymaps/i386</path> for available keymaps. To specify the keymap, set KEYMAP to the <e>prefix</e> -of the keymap filename (i.e. drop the <path>.kmap.gz</path> extension from the end.) -</p> - -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>Configure GRUB</title> -<body> -<p> -The most critical part of understanding GRUB is getting comfortable with how GRUB refers to hard drives and partitions. -Your Linux partition <path>/dev/hda1</path> is called <path>(hd0,0)</path> under GRUB. Notice the parenthesis around the hd0,0 - they are required. -Hard drives count from zero rather than "a", and partitions start at zero rather than one. So, <path>/dev/hdb3</path> gets translated to <path>(hd1,2)</path>, and <path>/dev/hdd7</path> gets translated to <path>(hd3,6)</path>. After you've gotten the feel for that, convert your boot and root partition names to the GRUB format and write them down. Now, it's time to install GRUB. -</p> - -<p>The easiest way to install grub is to simply type <c>grub</c> at your chrooted shell prompt: -</p><pre> -# <i>grub</i> -</pre><p>You'll be presented with the <c>grub></c> grub command-line prompt. Now, you need to type in the -right commands to install the GRUB boot record onto your hard drive. In my example configuration, -I want to install the GRUB boot record on my hard drive's MBR (master boot record), so that -the first thing I see when I turn on the computer is the GRUB prompt. In my case, the commands -I want to type are:</p> -<pre>grub> <i>root (hd0,0)</i> -grub> <i>setup (hd0)</i> -</pre> - -<p>Here's how the two commands work. The first <c>root ( )</c> command tells GRUB -the location of your boot partition (in my case, <path>/dev/hda1</path> or -<path>(hd0,0)</path> in GRUB terminology. Then, the second <c>setup ( )</c> command tells GRUB where to install the -boot record - it will be configure to look for its special files at the <c>root -( )</c> location that you specified. In my case, I want the boot record on the -MBR of the hard drive, so I simply specify <path>/dev/hda</path> (also known as <path>(hd0)</path>). If I were using -another boot loader and wanted to set up GRUB as a secondary boot-loader, I -could install GRUB to the boot record of a particular partition. In that case, -I'd specify a particular partition rather than the entire disk. Once the GRUB -boot record has been -successfully installed, you can type <c>quit</c> to quit GRUB. Gentoo Linux is -installed, but we need to create the <path>/boot/boot/grub/menu.lst</path> file so that -we get a nice GRUB boot menu when the system reboots. Here's how to do it.</p> - -<p>Now, create the menu.lst file (<c>vi /boot/boot/grub/menu.lst</c>), and add the following to it:</p> -<pre> -default 0 -timeout 30 - -title=My example Gentoo Linux -root (hd0,0) -kernel /boot/bzImage root=/dev/hda3 - -title=Windows NT Workstation -root (hd0,2) -chainloader +1 -</pre><p>After saving this file, Gentoo Linux installation is complete. Selecting the first option will -tell GRUB to boot Gentoo Linux without a fuss. The second part of the menu.lst file is optional, and shows you how to -use GRUB to boot a bootable Windows partition.</p> - -<note>Above, <path>(hd0,0)</path> should point to your "boot" partition -(<path>/dev/hda1</path> in my case) and <path>/dev/hda3</path> should point to -your root filesystem. <path>(hd0,2)</path> contains the NT boot -loader.</note> <p>Also, if you need to pass any options to the kernel, simply -add them to the end of the <c>kernel</c> command. We're already passing one option -(<c>root=/dev/hda3</c>), but you can pass others as well. There's one in particular -that you may be interested in. If you want to enable devfs (a special device -filesystem), you can add the <c>devfs=mount</c> option at the end of the <c>kernel</c> -line. </p> - -</body> -</section> - -<section> -<title>One Last Step</title> -<body> -<p>If you copied over the <path>linux-sources-???.tbz2</path> file, you can now install the package and compile a fresh new -kernel. To merge the linux-sources, type <c>pkgmerge /tmp/linux-sources-???.tbz2</c>. After the merge completes, -you can remove the .tbz2 from <path>/tmp</path> and continue with the kernel compile step. If you didn't copy over the -linux sources, you can skip the kernel compile step and proceed unmounting your filesystems below.</p> -<p>To compile your own kernel, perform the following steps:</p><pre> -# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i> -# <i>make menuconfig</i> -<codenote>make sure you compile-in support for ReiserFS as well as your boot drive controller</codenote> -# <i>make bzImage</i> -# <i>make modules</i> -# <i>make modules_install</i> -# <i>cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/boot</i> -<codenote>Above, "/boot/boot" is intentional and should not simply be "/boot"</codenote> -</pre> - -<p>Now, Gentoo Linux is installed. The only remaining step is to exit the chrooted shell, safely unmount your partitions -and reboot the system:</p> -<pre> -# <i>exit</i> -<codenote>This exits the chrooted shell; you can also type <c>^D</c></codenote> -# <i>umount /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> -# <i>umount /mnt/gentoo</i> -# <i>reboot</i> -</pre> -</body> -</section> - -</chapter> - -<chapter> -<title>You're done!</title> -<section> -<title>Congratulations!</title> -<body><p>If you have any questions or would like to get involved with Gentoo Linux development, -consider joining our gentoo-dev mailing list (there's a "click to subscribe" link on our <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org">main page</uri>). -</p> -</body> -</section> -</chapter> -</guide> |