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diff --git a/xml/htdocs/doc/en/faq.xml b/xml/htdocs/doc/en/faq.xml deleted file mode 100644 index b544683734..0000000000 --- a/xml/htdocs/doc/en/faq.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,946 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> -<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/faq.xml,v 1.52 2004/01/27 14:59:35 erwin Exp $ --> -<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> - -<guide link="/doc/en/faq.xml"> -<title>Gentoo Linux Frequently Asked Questions</title> -<author title="Chief Architect"><mail link="drobbins@gentoo.org">Daniel Robbins</mail></author> -<author title="Reviewer">Colin Morey</author> -<author title="Editor"><!-- zhen@gentoo.org -->John P. Davis</author> -<author title="Editor"><mail link="stocke2@gentoo.org">Eric Stockbridge</mail></author> -<author title="Editor"><mail link="zhware@gentoo.org">Stoyan Zhekov</mail></author> -<author title="Editor"><mail link="carl@gentoo.org">Carl Anderson</mail></author> -<author title="Editor"><mail link="peesh@gentoo.org">Jorge Paulo</mail></author> -<author title="Editor"><mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail></author> -<abstract> -This FAQ is a collection of questions and answers collected from the gentoo-dev mailing list -and from IRC -- if you have any questions (or answers!) to add, please contact either an author -or a member of the documentation team. -</abstract> - -<license/> - -<version>1.1.12</version> -<date>January 27, 2004</date> - -<chapter> -<title>Featured Questions</title> -<section> -<title>Getting Started</title> -<body> -<ul> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap2_sect1">How is Gentoo pronounced, and what does it mean?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap2_sect2">What makes Gentoo different?</uri></li> -</ul> -</body> -</section> -<section> -<title>Installation</title> -<body> -<ul> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect1">What is the difference between the .iso and .tbz2 files?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect2">Why do the build .iso and .tbz2 files sometimes have different -r (revision) numbers?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect3">I'm finding things to be really unstable and I'm using "-O9 -ffast-math -fomit-frame-pointer" optimizations. What gives?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect4">What's the default root password after installation?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect5">How can I change the root (or indeed any other user's) password?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect6">How do I add a normal user?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect7">Why can't a user su to root?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect8">How do I enable devfs?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect9">How to I disable devfs?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect10">How do I get a /dev/mouse that doesn't go away when I reboot (when using devfs)?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect11">Grub can't find stage x.y?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect12">My ASUS CUV4X-D won't boot and it freezes during various stages of kernel loading and hardware detection.</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect13">If I have Gentoo 1.4_rc1 can I upgrade to 1.4_rc2/rc3/final without reinstalling?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect14">My kernel doesn't boot (properly), what should I do now?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap3_sect15">My proxy requires authentication, what do I have to do?</uri></li> -</ul> -</body> -</section> -<section> -<title>Package Management</title> -<body> -<ul> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect1">In what format are the packages stored?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect2">Why write a new port system (Portage) instead of using BSD's version?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect3">How does this differ from Debian's apt or BSD's ports?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect4">How do I install and uninstall packages?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect5">How can I set a global configuration for compiling packages?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect6">What happened to /etc/make.defaults?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect7">Is there a way to upgrade all installed packages e.g. apt-get upgrade or make World?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect8">When updating a package using emerge or ebuild, how do I avoid clobbering my config files?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect9">I want to perform the ./configure step myself. Can I?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect10">What if rsync doesn't work for me?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect11">How do I use emerge from behind a firewall?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect12">Can I rsync from another operating system?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect13">I have only slow modem connection at home. Can I download sources somewhere else and add them to my system?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect14">.tar.gz sources for installed software are piling up in /usr/portage/distfiles/ using valuable space. Is it safe to delete these files?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect15">I went to emerge blackdown-jdk and blackdown-jre, and afterwards java-config --list-available-vms would only list blackdown-jre. Openoffice then refuses to emerge. What do I do?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap4_sect16">What's in /var/tmp/portage? Is it safe to delete the files and directories in /var/tmp/portage?</uri></li> -</ul> -</body> -</section> -<section> -<title>Usage</title> -<body> -<ul> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect1">I have installed openssh on my box, but can only log in as root - my normal user account doesn't work.</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect2">I can start X applications as root only.</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect3">How do I set up an International Keyboard Layout?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect4">DNS name resolution works for root only.</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect5">Why is KDE not reading /etc/profile?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect6">Why can't my user use their own crontab?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect7">How do I get numlock to start on boot?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap5_sect8">How do I have my terminal cleared when I log out?</uri></li> -</ul> -</body> -</section> -<section> -<title>Maintenance</title> -<body> -<ul> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap6_sect1">ReiserFS and filesystem corruption issues -- how to fix'em, etc...</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap6_sect2">How to I view the timestamps in /var/log/syslog.d, etc. on a pre-1.0_rc5 Gentoo system?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap6_sect3">Metalogd doesn't log in real time!</uri></li> -</ul> -</body> -</section> -<section> -<title>Development</title> -<body> -<ul> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap7_sect1">Where can I report bugs?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap7_sect2">How often are new releases made?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap7_sect3">I would like a package to be added to Portage; how would I go about this?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap7_sect4">How can I add a question or answer to this FAQ?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap7_sect5">make -f Makefile.cvs on a KDE app produces "invalid unused variable" errors. What gives?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap7_sect6">My speaker beeps like crazy while compiling Mozilla. How do I disable console beeps?</uri></li> -</ul> -</body> -</section> -<section> -<title>Resources</title> -<body> -<ul> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap8_sect1">Where can I find more about supervise used by default in Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and earlier?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap8_sect2">Where can I find more information about Gentoo Linux?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap8_sect3">Can I buy a CD of Gentoo Linux?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap8_sect4">Why, when I hit reply to a post on a Gentoo mailing list, does my answer only go to the original poster and not the entire list?</uri></li> -<li><uri link="#doc_chap8_sect5">This FAQ hasn't answered my question. What do I do now?</uri></li> -</ul> -</body> -</section> -</chapter> - - -<chapter> - <title>Getting Started</title> - - <section> - <title>How is Gentoo pronounced, and what does it mean?</title> - <body><p>Gentoo is a species of small fast penguin, pronounced "gen-too" (The "g" in "gentoo" is a soft "g", as in "gentle").</p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>What makes Gentoo different?</title> - <body> - <p> - Gentoo Linux is a fast, modern distribution with a clean and flexible - design -- in this respect, Gentoo may appeal to - <uri link="http://www.slackware.com/">Slackware</uri>, - <uri link="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/">Linux From Scratch</uri> or - <uri link="http://www.bsd.org/">BSD</uri> users. Unlike most Linux - distros, Gentoo has a package system reminiscent of BSD's ports, - meaning the packages are continually updated to the latest - versions. - </p> - </body> - </section> -</chapter> - -<chapter> - <title>Installation</title> - - <section> - - <warn>REPORT all bugs to <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org/</uri>! Do not report bugs to upstream (original) - authors. Report the bugs to Gentoo, and we will move them upstream if necessary. - </warn> - - <title>What is the difference between the .iso and .tbz2 files?</title> - <body><p>The build <e>.tbz2</e> file is a minimal set of system files - that is necessary for allowing a user to bootstrap and install - Gentoo Linux. The build <e>.iso</e> is a complete, bootable CD image that - contains a system kernel, a reasonably complete set of kernel modules, - necessary system tools such as <c>mkfs</c> and networking support, - as well as the <e>.tbz2</e> minimal-system tarball. Most users will install - Gentoo Linux by burning the .iso file onto a CD, booting off of the CD, - and installing from within the minimal linux environment provided by - the Gentoo boot CD. It is possible, however, for users to install - Gentoo Linux directly from an already-existing Linux distribution. - Such users need only download the .tbz2 file, install the contents - on a spare partition (making sure to use the <c>p</c> flag when - untarring the tarball!), chroot, and install in the usual fashion.</p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Why do the build .iso and .tbz2 files sometimes have different -r (revision) numbers?</title> - <body><p> - The .tbz2 minimal-system tarball only needs to be revised when there have - been significant changes to the core Gentoo Linux system (such as baselayout - changes, or a new profile), and as such .tbz2 updates are relatively rare. - The .iso file tends to get updated whenever we discover that somebody has - hardware that won't boot from our .iso. Since new kernel modules and - patches are constantly being generated, this situation probably won't - stabilise anytime soon. - </p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>I'm finding things to be really unstable and I'm using "-O9 -ffast-math - -fomit-frame-pointer" optimizations. What gives?</title> - <body> - <p>Don't bother using anything higher than <c>-O3</c> since it isn't support by current versions - of gcc. Very aggressive optimizations sometimes cause the compiler to streamline the assembly code - to the point where it doesn't quite do the same thing anymore. A possible setting based on <e>Loc-Dog</e> (on IRC)'s CFLAGS - is <c>-O3 -mcpu=i686 -march=i686 -fforce-addr -fomit-frame-pointer -funroll-loops - -frerun-cse-after-loop -frerun-loop-opt -falign-functions=4</c>, which is about - as much as I'd want to push global optimization settings. Beyond this, it's best to use - ultra-high optimizations only with specific packages where you really need that extra 2%, - (eg graphics and various multimedia programs), and where you can easily test the package - to ensure that it hasn't been optimized into oblivion.</p> - <p>Please try first to compile with CFLAGS <c>-march= -O2</c> before reporting a bug</p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>What's the default root password after installation?</title> - <body><p>The default password is blank; hit enter.</p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How can i change the root (or indeed any other user's) password?</title> - <body><p>You can use <c>passwd</c> to change the password for the user you are logged into. - for extra options and setting, please see <c>man passwd</c> once you've completed the install. - </p></body> - </section> - <section> - <title>How do i add a normal user?</title> - <body> - <p>The command <c>adduser gentoo</c> will add a user called gentoo. The next step is to give - this user a password and <c>passwd</c> will do exactly that.</p> - <p>Instead of <c>adduser</c> you can also use: - <pre># <i>useradd gentoo -m -G users,audio,wheel -s /bin/bash</i></pre> - This will add a user gentoo, will make possible for him to use sound-related devices (<path>/dev/sound/*</path>), will make possible for him to switch to root (using <c>su</c>) and will make <path>/bin/bash</path> his login shell. - </p> - <p>You can also install <c>superadduser</c> using <c>emerge superadduser</c> and then issue <c>superadduser gentoo</c> to add a user called gentoo. Just follow the instructions given to you by <c>superadduser</c>.</p> - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>Why can't a user su to root?</title> - <body><p>For security reasons, users may only <c>su</c> to root if they belong to the - <e>wheel</e> group. To add a <i>username</i> to the <e>wheel</e> group, issue the following - command as root:</p> - <pre># <i>usermod -G users,wheel username</i></pre> - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>How do I enable devfs?</title> - <body> - <p> - If you're using 1.0_rc5 or greater, you don't need to do anything special to get - devfs working; it's already active (you did make sure that devfs was built into the - kernel, didn't you?). - However, if you are using a version of Gentoo Linux <e>prior</e> to version 1.0_rc5, add - <c>devfs=mount</c> to your <c>GRUB</c> kernel boot options so that the line looks something - like <c>kernel /boot/boot/bzImage devfs=mount foo=bar</c> The kernel will then mount the - <path>/dev</path> <e>devfs</e> filesystem automatically at boot-time. - </p> - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>How to I disable devfs?</title> - <body> - <p>Under Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc6 and later, you can disable devfs by passing the - <c>gentoo=nodevfs</c> to the kernel.</p> - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>How do I get a <path>/dev/mouse </path> that - doesn't go away when I reboot (when using devfs)?</title> - <body> - <p> - If you are using 1.0_rc6 or later, then you can just use <c>ln -s</c> - to make the usual symbolic link from <path>/dev/mouse</path>, and - it will be preserved between reboots. - </p> - <p>All other users need to edit <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path> - and add these lines:</p> -<pre> -REGISTER ^misc/psaux$ CFUNCTION GLOBAL symlink misc/psaux mouse -UNREGISTER ^misc/psaux$ CFUNCTION GLOBAL unlink mouse -</pre> - <p>If you are not using the devfs PS/2 mouse <path>/dev/misc/psaux</path> device, - adjust the <c>misc/psaux</c> strings above accoringly. You'll then want to - <c>killall -HUP devfsd</c> - to get devfsd to reread <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path>.</p> - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>Grub can't find stage x.y?</title> - <body><p> - During installation the grub boot files are copied - to <path>/boot/grub</path> (<path>/boot/boot/grub</path> in Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and - earlier.) Grub automatically looks in the <path>/boot/grub</path> directory on the boot - partition. (We strongly recommend having a separate no-auto boot partition mounted at - <path>/boot</path>, since that way it is much more difficult to clobber your kernel and boot - info by accident.) The above error generally arises from (a) not using a separate boot - partition, (b) forgetting to mount the boot partition at <path>/boot</path> before either - unpacking the build snapshot or running - <c>emerge --usepkg system</c>, or (c) forgetting the - <c>notail</c> option when mounting a ReiserFS <path>/boot</path> partition. - You can get more information on grub, including how to - debug grub from the grub prompt, by reading the - <uri link="http://www-105.ibm.com/developerworks/education.nsf/linux-onlinecourse-bytitle/0F1731DC664023B7862569D0005C44AF?OpenDocument">IBM developerWorks Grub tutorial</uri>. - </p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>My ASUS CUV4X-D won't boot and it freezes during various stages of kernel loading and hardware - detection. </title> - <body> - <p>Disable MPS 1.4 (multi-processor-system) in the BIOS or switch this - function to 1.1. By using this option you just switch the MPS version. The Multi-Processor-System - will still work properly. Make sure to boot Gentoo Linux with the following boot option, noapic. </p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>If I have Gentoo 1.4_rc1 can I upgrade to 1.4_rc2, 1.4_final/_rc3 without reinstalling?</title> - <body> - In fact there is no difference between the 1.4 releases <b>after they've installed</b>. Gentoo 1.4 and later are <c>glibc-2.3.x</c> based. - As such 1.4rc1 machine for example, that does <c>emerge sync; emerge -u world</c> is <b>exactly the same</b> as a machine with 1.4rc2 installed, after it does <c>emerge sync; emerge -u world</c>. The true differences lie in the installer. - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>My kernel doesn't boot (properly), what should I do now?</title> - <body> - <p> - You don't need to redo every step of the installation, but only the - kernel-stuff and all associated steps. Suppose you have installed Gentoo - on <path>/dev/hda1</path> (/boot) and <path>/dev/hda3</path> (/) with - <path>/dev/hda2</path> being the swap space: - </p> - <pre caption = "Reconfiguring the kernel"> -<comment>Boot from the LiveCD and wait until you receive a prompt</comment> -<comment>We first mount all partitions:</comment> -# <i>mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo</i> -# <i>mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> -# <i>swapon /dev/hda2</i> -# <i>mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc</i> -<comment>Then we chroot into our Gentoo environment and configure the kernel:</comment> -# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i> -# <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i> -# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i> -# <i>make menuconfig</i> -<comment>Now (de)select anything you have (de)selected wrongly at your</comment> -<comment>previous attempt. Then quit and compile your kernel:</comment> -# <i>make dep && make bzImage modules modules_install</i> -<comment>Now copy over your bzImage file, overwriting your previous one:</comment> -# <i>cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot</i> -<comment>If you use LILO, rerun lilo -- GRUB users should skip this:</comment> -# <i>/sbin/lilo</i> -<comment>Now exit the chroot and reboot.</comment> -# <i>exit</i> -# <i>umount /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo</i> -# <i>reboot</i> - </pre> - <p> - If on the other hand the problem lays with your bootloader configuration, - follow the same steps, but instead of configuring/compiling your kernel you - should reconfigure your bootloader (recompilation isn't necessary). - </p> - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>My proxy requires authentication, what do I have to do?</title> - <body> - - <p> - When you have to download something using <c>wget</c>, use the - following syntax to authenticate yourself: - </p> -<pre caption = "Proxy-authentication using wget"> -# <i>wget --proxy-user=</i><comment>username</comment><i> --proxy-passwd=</i><comment>password</comment><i> <url></i> -</pre> - <p> - To have Portage automatically use this scheme, define it in - <path>/etc/make.conf</path>: - </p> -<pre caption = "/etc/make.conf"> -FETCHCOMMAND="wget --proxy-user=<comment>username</comment> --proxy-passwd=<comment>password</comment> -t 5 --passive-ftp -P \${DISTDIR} \${URI}" -RESUMECOMMAND="/usr/bin/wget --proxy-user=<comment>username</comment> --proxy-passwd=<comment>password</comment> -c -t 5 --passive-ftp -P \${DISTDIR} \${URI}" -</pre> - <p> - Sadly, <c>rsync</c> doesn't seem to support username/password - authentication for proxies. See <uri link="#doc_chap4_sect10">What - if rsync doesn't work for me?</uri> for more information on how to - handle this situation. - </p> - - </body> - </section> - -</chapter> - -<chapter> - <title>Package Management</title> - <section> - <title>In what format are the packages stored?</title> - <body><p>They exist in our portage tree as <e>ebuild</e> autobuild scripts; we are primarily - a ports-based distribution, meaning that we provide scripts (<c>.ebuild</c> files) and a - special system (Portage) so that you can build apps from sources. We generally only build - binaries for releases and snapshots. The <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-howto.xml">Development HOWTO - </uri> covers the contents of an ebuild script in detail. For full binary ISO releases, we - create a full suite of binary packages in an enhanced <c>.tbz2</c> format (<c>.tar.bz2</c> - compatible with meta-information attached to the end of the file.)</p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Why write a new port system (Portage) instead of using BSD's version?</title> - <body> - <p>In one sentence, because Portage is much better in so many ways. One of the design - philosophies of the <c>.ebuild</c> syntax was to make it an analog of what you'd type to - install the program manually, thus making Portage very easy to learn and modify to your - needs. We also have OpenBSD-style "fake" installs, safe unmerging, system profiles, - package masking, a real dependency system, and lots of other good stuff.</p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How does this differ from Debian's apt or BSD's ports?</title> - <body><p>Portage features the best of apt and ports; for example, USE options, a full - dependency system, safe installs and uninstalls, and a true package database. Think of - Portage as the best of both worlds; a ports system with the sensibilities and safety of a - Linux package management system built-in.</p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How do I install and uninstall packages?</title> - <body> - <p>The <uri link="/doc/en/portage-user.xml">Portage User Guide</uri> details how to install - and uninstall packages, and update Portage.</p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How can I set a global configuration for compiling packages?</title> - <body><p><path>/etc/make.conf</path> should be modified to override global and - profile-specific default options used to compile and merge packages. The most common options - are as follows:</p> - <table> - <tr> - <th>Flag</th> - <th>Description</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>CHOST</ti> - <ti>This sets the HOST variable for compiles, e.g. <c>i686-pc-linux-gnu</c></ti> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>CFLAGS</ti> - <ti>The options for <c>gcc</c> when compiling programs written in C (*.c files)</ti> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>CXXFLAGS</ti> - <ti>The options for <c>gcc</c> when compiling programs written in C++ (*.c,*.cpp etc. - files)</ti> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>USE</ti> - <ti>This allows you to set what optional components you'd like compiled-in, if - available. For example, if you have <c>gnome</c> inside the USE string, then when - you compile <c>xchat</c>, it will include GNOME support. All our dependencies are - also USE-aware.</ti> - </tr> - <tr> - <ti>GENTOO_MIRRORS</ti> - <ti>A space separated list of URIs currently mirroring the Gentoo packages. Portage - will attempt download from a <c>GENTOO_MIRROR</c> first before trying the official - <c>SRC_URI</c>. To force Portage to skip mirrors, set this variable to "".</ti> - </tr> - </table> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>What happened to <path>/etc/make.defaults</path>?</title> - <body> - <p>As of Portage 1.5 onwards, <path>/etc/make.defaults</path> is antiquated; - if you have portage-1.5-r1 or above installed then you can safely delete it. - This file has been replaced by <path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path> - (<path>/etc/make.profile</path> should actually be a symlink to, - <path>/usr/portage/profiles/default</path>), - which contains system profile-specific default settings. The priority order of - the various configuration files is as follows (highest first): - <ol> - <li>Environment variables</li> - <li><path>/etc/make.conf</path>, for your use</li> - <li><path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path>, for profile-specific defaults</li> - <li><path>/etc/make.globals</path>, for global defaults (settings not specified in - any other place come from here)</li> - </ol></p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Is there a way to upgrade all installed packages - e.g. <e>apt-get upgrade</e> or <e>make World</e>?</title> - <body><p><b>YES!</b> Type <c>emerge --update system</c> (use it with <c>--pretend</c> first) to - update all core system packages, and use <c>emerge --update world</c> (again, use it with - <c>--pretend</c> first) to do a complete system upgrade of all installed packages. - - - </p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>When updating a package using <c>emerge</c> or <c>ebuild</c>, how do I avoid - clobbering my config files?</title> - <body><p> - Portage now includes config file management support by default. Type - <c>emerge --help config</c> for more details. The (overly) simple answer is that if - a package installs <path>foo</path> somewhere under <path>/etc</path>, and - another <path>foo</path> already exists there, then the new <path>foo</path> will - instead be renamed to <path>._cfgxxxx_foo</path> in that directory. A useful - tool for examining and updating any protected config files is <c>etc-update</c>, - which is now part of Portage. - </p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>I want to perform the <c>./configure</c> step myself. Can I?</title> - <body> -<p> -Yes, but it is not trivial, and the next method only works when it is a simple -ebuild (i.e. just <c>./configure</c> and <c>make && make install</c>). -Be sure to read the ebuild itself to see how Gentoo handles it. -</p> - -<p> -Start with unpacking the ebuild: <c>ebuild -/usr/portage/<category>/<package>/<ebuild> unpack</c>. -</p> - -<p> -Next, go to <path>/var/tmp/portage/<package>-<version>/work</path>. -Inside it you'll find the unpacked sources. Execute the steps you need to -perform to configure and compile the package. -</p> - -<p> -When finished, execute <c>touch -/var/tmp/portage/<package>-<version>/.compiled</c> to trick Portage -into thinking it configured and compiled the package. Then finish up with -<c>ebuild /usr/portage/<category>/<package>/<ebuild> -merge</c>. -</p> - - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>What if rsync doesn't work for me?</title> - <body><p> - If you're behind a firewall that doesn't permit - rsync traffic, then you can use <c>emerge-webrsync</c> which will fetch - and install a Portage snapshot for you through regular HTTP. - <c>emerge-webrsync</c> uses <c>wget</c> to download, so proxy is fully - supported. - <pre caption="Using emerge-webrsync"> -~# <c>emerge-webrsync</c></pre> - If you cannot do this either, you can manually download a snapshot - from <uri>http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/gentoo/snapshots/</uri>. - In order to install the snapshot correctly, you first need to remove - your current <path>/usr/portage</path> so that outdated ebuilds don't - stay available on your system. However, you might want to put - <path>/usr/portage/distfiles</path> somewhere safe if you don't want to - lose all your sourcecode. - <pre caption="Manually installing the snapshots"> -<codenote>(First download the snapshot and place it in /usr)</codenote> -~# <c>cd /usr</c> -~# <c>mv /usr/portage/distfiles /usr/distfiles-temp</c> -~# <c>rm -rf /usr/portage</c> -~# <c>tar xvjf portage-foo.tbz2</c> -~# <c>mv /usr/distfiles-temp /usr/portage/distfiles</c></pre> - </p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How do I use <i>emerge</i> from behind a firewall?</title> - <body><p> - Edit the PROXY settings in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>. If that doesn't work, - edit <path>/etc/wget/wgetrc</path> and edit http_proxy and ftp_proxy - appropriately. - </p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Can I rsync from another operating system?</title> - <body><p>There's a program called unison that works under both UNIX and Win32, available from - <uri>http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/</uri>.</p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>I have only slow modem connection at home. Can I download sources somewhere else and - add them to my system?</title> - <body><p> - Definitely. You can run <c>emerge --pretend package</c> to see what programs - are going to be installed. To find out the sources for those packages and where to - download the sources from, you can run <c>emerge -fp package</c>. - Download sources and bring them on any media - home. Put the sources into <path>/usr/portage/distfiles</path> and run - <c>emerge package</c> to see it picking up the sources you just brought in! - </p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>.tar.gz sources for installed software are piling up in /usr/portage/distfiles/ using - valuable space. Is it safe to delete these files?</title> - <body><p> - Yes, you can safely delete these files. But if you are on a slow - connection, such as a modem, you might want to keep the archives if - possible; often several ebuilds will be released for the same version of - a specific piece of software - if you have deleted the archive and you - upgrade the software it will have to be downloaded from the internet - again. - </p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>I went to emerge blackdown-jdk and blackdown-jre, and afterwards - <c>java-config --list-available-vms</c> would only list blackdown-jre. - Openoffice would then refuse to emerge. What do I do? </title> - - <body> - <p>Solution: </p> - <pre caption = "Solution"> -# <c>emerge unmerge blackdown-jre blackdown-jdk </c> -# <c>CONFIG_PROTECT="" emerge blackdown-jdk </c> - </pre> - - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>What's in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>? Is it safe to delete the files and directories in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>?</title> - <body> - During compilation, Gentoo saves the sources of the package in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>. It is safe to clean out all contents of this directory. - </body> - </section> -</chapter> - -<chapter> - <title>Usage</title> - <section> - <title>I have installed openssh on my box, but can only log in as root - my normal user - account doesn't work. </title> - <body> - <p> - This is most probably because your user account doesn't have a valid shell specified. Check - for your user entry in - <path>/etc/passwd</path> and see if it ends in /bin/bash (or any other shell). If it doesn't, - you must set a shell for the user. This is done using the usermod command, like this ; - </p> - <pre># <i>usermod -s /bin/bash myuser</i></pre> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>I can start X applications as root only.</title> - <body><p>Your <path>/tmp</path> directory has the wrong permissions (it needs the sticky bit - set). Type the following as root:</p> - <pre># <i>chmod 1777 /tmp</i></pre> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How do I set up an International Keyboard Layout?</title> - <body><p>Edit the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>. - Then either reboot or restart the keymaps script: - <c>/etc/init.d/keymaps restart</c>.</p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>DNS name resolution works for root only.</title> - <body><p><path>/etc/resolv.conf</path> has the wrong permissions; <c>chmod</c> it as follows: - </p> - <pre># <i>chmod 0644 /etc/resolv.conf</i></pre> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Why is KDE not reading <path>/etc/profile</path>?</title> - <body><p>You need to add <c>--login</c> to the first line in <path>/opt/kde2.1/bin/startkde - </path>, so that it reads as follows:</p> - <pre>#!/bin/sh --login</pre> - <p>This fix has been added to recent versions of KDE.</p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Why can't my user use their own crontab?</title> - <body><p>You need to add that user to the <i>cron</i> group. - </p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How do I get numlock to start on boot?</title> - <body> - <p> - If you log on graphically, or want numlock to be activated when - you issue <c>startx</c>, then you must <c>emerge numlockx</c> and - add <c>/usr/X11R6/bin/numlockx</c> to - <path>/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc</path> (for <c>startx</c>) or - <path>/etc/X11/Sessions/</path> (for any graphical login manager) such - as <path>/etc/X11/Sessions/Gnome</path> for GDM. - </p> - <p> - If you work in commandline, you only need to <c>rc-update add - numlock default</c> and numlock will be activated on the next - reboot. - </p> - </body> - </section> - <section> - <title>How do I have my terminal cleared when I log out?</title> - <body> - <p> - To have your terminal cleared, add <c>clear</c> to your - <path>~/.bash_logout</path> script: - </p> - <pre caption = "Clearing the terminal during logout"> -$ <i>echo clear >> ~/.bash_logout</i></pre> - <p> - If you want this to happen automatically when you add a new - user, do the same for the <path>/etc/skel/.bash_logout</path>: - </p> - <pre caption = "Making new users their terminal clear on logout"> -# <i>echo clear >> /etc/skel/.bash_logout</i></pre> - </body> - </section> - - -</chapter> - -<chapter> - <title>Maintenance</title> - <section> - <title>ReiserFS and filesystem corruption issues -- how to fix'em, etc</title> - <body> - <p> - If your - ReiserFS partition is corrupt, try booting the Gentoo - Linux boot CD and run <c>reiserfsck --rebuild-tree</c> on - the corrupted filesystem. This should make the filesystem consistent - again, although you may have lost some files or directories due - to the corruption. - </p> - </body> - </section> -<!-- is this still relevant? -cpm --> - <section> - <title>How to I view the timestamps in /var/log/syslog.d, etc. on a pre-1.0_rc5 Gentoo - system?</title> - <body> - <p>To view multilog (Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and earlier) timestamps, you need to pipe the - current log through the <c>tai64nlocal</c>command:</p> - -<pre> -# <i>tai64nlocal < /var/log/syslog.d/current | less</i> -</pre> - -<p>Or, alternatively, if you want to "tail" the log:</p> - -<pre> -# <i>tail -f /var/log/syslog.d/current | tai64nlocal</i> -</pre> - -</body> - </section> - <section> - <title>Metalogd doesn't log in real time!</title> - <body> - -<p> -Metalog flushes output to the disk in blocks, so messages aren't immediately -recorded into the system logs. If you are trying to debug a daemon, this -performance-enhancing behavior is less than helpful. When your Gentoo Linux -system is up and running, you can send metalog a USR1 signal to temporarily -turn off this message buffering (meaning that <c>tail -f -<path>/var/log/everything/current</path></c> will now work in real time, as -expected) and a USR2 signal to turn buffering back on again. If you want to -disable buffering permanently, you can change METALOG_OPTS="-B" to -METALOG_OPTS="-B -s" in <path>/etc/conf.d/metalog</path>. -</p> - -<pre caption="Turning metalog buffering on/off"> -<codenote>To turn the buffering off:</codenote> -# <i>killall -USR1 metalog</i> -<codenote>To turn the buffering back on:</codenote> -# <i>killall -USR2 metalog</i> -</pre> - - </body> - </section> -</chapter> - -<chapter> - <title>Development</title> - <section> - <title>Where can I report bugs?</title> - <body><p>For bugs within a specific program, contact the program's author. Otherwise, use our - Bugzilla bug tracker at <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri>. You can also visit us in - <c>#gentoo</c> on the <uri link="http://www.freenode.net">FreeNode</uri> IRC network. - </p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How often are new releases made?</title> - <body><p>New releases are announced on the <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/lists.xml">gentoo-announce</uri> - mailing list<!-- TODO: approximatley every X months -->, In reality the packages themselves - are updated shortly after the main authors release new code. As for when new Cd images etc - are released, that tends to be whenever there are any major updates to the base code, or when - new modules get added.</p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>I would like a package to be added to Portage; how would I go about this?</title> - <body><p>Head over to <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri> and submit a new bug of the type - "ebuild". Attach your ebuild to the bug report.</p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>How can I add a question or answer to this FAQ?</title> - <body><p>Submit a new bug over at <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri> and add it to the - "Docs-user" product, "Gentoo Linux FAQ" component.</p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>make -f Makefile.cvs on a KDE app produces "invalid unused variable" errors</title> - <body><p> - Export <c>WANT_AUTOMAKE_1_4=1</c> for all KDE projects before running - <c>make -f Makefile.cvs</c>. Also, for KDE2 apps export <c>WANT_AUTOCONF_2_1=1</c>, - and for KDE3 apps export <c>WANT_AUTOCONF_2_5=1</c>. - </p></body> - </section> - - - <section> - <title>My speaker beeps like crazy while compiling Mozilla. How do I disable console beeps? - </title> - <body> - <p> - Console beeps can be turned off using setterm, like this ; - - <pre># <i>setterm -blength 0</i></pre> - - If you would like to turn off the console beeps on boot - you need to put this command in - <path>/etc/conf.d/local.start</path>. However, this only - disables beeps for the current terminal. To disable - beeps for other terminals, pipe the command output to the - target terminal, like this ; - - <pre># <i>setterm -blength 0 >/dev/vc/1</i></pre> - - You need to replace /dev/vc/1 with the terminal - you would like to disable console beeps for. - </p> - </body> - </section> -</chapter> - -<chapter> -<title>Resources</title> - <section> - <title>Where can I find more about supervise used by default in Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and earlier?</title> - <body><p><!-- TODO: --><uri>http://cr.yp.to/daemontools.html</uri></p></body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Where can I find more information about Gentoo Linux?</title> - <body><p>The official Gentoo documentation can be found on <uri>http://www.gentoo.org</uri>; general Linux information is at <uri>http://www.tldp.org</uri>.</p></body> - </section> - -<section> -<title>Can I buy a CD of Gentoo Linux?</title> -<body> - -<p>Yes! LiveCDs for all supported architecture are available on -our <uri link="http://store.gentoo.org/">Gentoo Store</uri>. When you -purchase a CD from our store, you are also supporting our development. -So, please consider buying from our store if possible :-) -</p> - -<p> -You can also find fresh CDs from -<uri link = "http://cart.cheapbytes.com/cgi-bin/cart/0070010933">Cheapbytes -</uri> and <uri link = "http://www.tuxcds.com/section.php?section=42"> -tuxcds</uri> for a very good price. These people also bounce back a -portion of the profits to the Gentoo project, so buy them while they are hot! -</p> - -</body> -</section> - - <section> - <title>Why, when I hit reply to a post on a Gentoo mailing list, does my answer - only go to the original poster and not the entire list?</title> - <body> - <p>The mailing list administrators have decided to go with minimal munging - (altering of mail headers), which means that they have decided against - altering headers to have replies go to the mailing list. There are various - reasons for this. For example, if a subscriber has a full mailbox, the - entire list receives notice of this every time that something is posted. - - Most GUI based mailers have a "reply to all" function. This will ensure that - your reply goes to the mailing list as well as the original poster. Most - users of text based emailers already know the methods to use, but if you - don't, in Pine, there is a "reply to group" option. Setting Mutt to reply to - the list is covered in the unofficial documentation at - <uri link="http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=1085">forums.gentoo.org</uri>. - - Some list members do not like this method, but it was very heavily - discussed when it went into effect, with arguments on both sides. - Eventually the list administrators decided to keep it this way. Discussing - it on the mailing list will sometimes bring a polite explanation and other - times a rather brusque comment to check the archives. Although the - administrators regret the inconvenience that it may cause some users, it is - felt that at present it is preferable to the alternative for several - reasons, many of these covered - <uri link="http://www.unicom.com/pw/reply-to-harmful.html">here</uri>. - - (There are other eloquent arguments in favor of munging, and yes, the list - administrators have seen them.) </p> - </body> - </section> - - <section> - <title>This FAQ hasn't answered my question. What do I do now?</title> - <body> - <p>A good first step is to browse through the relevant <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/index.xml">documentation</uri>, - failing that, the various Gentoo Linux mailing - lists listed on <uri link="http://www.google.com">Google</uri>. To search through the Gentoo mailling lists, - just enter "lists.gentoo.org foo" to search for "foo". If all else fails, or you just want - to hang out with Gentoo folks, visit us on irc: <i>#gentoo</i> - on <i>irc.freenode.net</i>. - </p> - </body> - </section> -</chapter> -</guide> |